01. Silabheri

02. Sikhambara

03. Bharuni

04. Bhangur

05. Bhangi

06. Bharasakha

06. Sikha

01. Kila

02. Antakela

03. Tilata

04. Krpita

05. Purata

06. Gonda

07. Kallota

08. Karanda

09. Tarisana

10. Varisana

11. Viraroha

12. Vararoha

01. Tundu

02. Kutera

03. Purata

Balarama is sixteen years old and full of the luster of youth. He has a fair complexion, like the colour of crystal. He wears blue garments and a garland of forest flowers. He wears blue garments and a garland of forest flowers. His handsome hair is tied in a graceful topknot. Splendid earings decorate His ears. His neck is splendidly decorated with garlands of flowers and strings of jewels. His arms are splendidly decorated with bracelets and armlets. 

Lord Balaram is the first personal expansion of  Lord Krishna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead. All other incarnations expand from Him. In Krishna's pastimes, He plays as Krishna's elder brother. Together Krishna and Balarama enact many pastimes as cowherd boys in the land of Vrndavana. Lord Balarama carries a plough and club and is known for His great strength. He appeared as the son of Vasudeva and Devaki. Revati devi and Varuni devi are His eternal consorts. 

In Gaura lila, He appeared as Lord Nityananda.

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The foremost of all the Vaisnavas who reside at Navadvip is Sri Advaita Acarya, whose virtuous presence has made all the worlds blessed. He is the most preminent preceptor in all fields including knowledge, renunciation and devotion. In explaining Krsna-bhakti he is like Lord Sankara himself and whatever scriptures that exist within the three worlds, He explains them in the light of Krsna-bhakti.

With the intense eagerness he continually worshiped Sri Krsna with Tulasi manjaris and Ganges water. By the momentum of his spiritual force, his loud shouts pierced the coverings of this universe and resounding throughout Vaikuntha, reach the ears of Sri Krsna. Hearing this loving summons saturated with devotion, Sri Krsna  advented Himself as Lord Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.

On the seventh day of the bright fortnight of the month of Magh, the great ocean of ecstasy swelled to its limits, being forcibly attracted by the moon of Advaita, who appeared from the womb of Sri Nabhadevi as the moon appears in the autumn sky. His father, Sri Kuvera Pandit floated in that ocean of joy. In great happiness he gave many gifts in charity to the brahmanas. Advaita Acarya is the combined incarnation of Maha Visnu and Sadasiva (who resides in Goloka). His two consorts, Sita and Sri are manifestations of Yoga Maya.

It is said that if Advaita Acharya is kind to a person, naturally Lord Chaitanya and Nityananda will also be kind to that person. Hence, unless one receives the mercy of Sri Advaita Acharya, one cannot avail of the mercy of Lord Chaitanya and Lord Nityananda.

Read more about Advaita Acharya at www.gaudiyahistory.com

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Sudevi is the eighth of the ashta sakhis (eight topmost sakhis). She is sweet and charming by nature. She is the sister of Rangadevi. Her husband is Vakreksana, the younger brother of Bhairava. Her marriage with Vakreksana was arranged by his younger brother. Her form and other qualities are so similar to those of her sister Rangadevi that they are often mistaken for one another. Sudevi always remains at the side of her dear friend Srimati Radharani. Sudevi arranges Radharani's hair, decorates Her eyes with mascara and massages Her body.

She is expert in training male and female parrots and she is also expert in the pastimes of roosters. She is an expert sailor and She is fully aware of the auspicious and inauspicious omens described in the Sakuna-sastra. She is expert at massaging the body with scented oils, she knows how to start fires and keep them burning and she knows which flowers blossom with the rising of the moon.friends of Sudevi are expert at constructing leaf-spitoons, playing music on bells and decorating couches in various ways. 

Sudevi's friends are entrusted with the decoration of the Divine couple's sitting place. Sudevi's friends act as clever spies, disguising themselves in various ways and moving among Radharani's rivals (Candravali and her friends) to discover their secrets. Sudevi's friends are the deities of Vrindavana forest and they are charged with the protection of the forest birds and bees. Sudevi is the leader of these gopis. her Seva is to bring water. Her age is 14 years, 2 months and 4 days.In gaura-lila she appeared as Sri Vasudeva Ghosh.

The chief sakhis in Sri Sudevi’s group are Kaveri, Carukavari, Sukesi, Manjukesika, Harahira, Harakanti, Haravalli and Manohara.

Rangadevi is the seventh of the ashta sakhis (eight topmost sakhis). Her complexion is the color of a lotus filament and her garments are the color of a red rose. She is seven days younger than Srimati Radharani. Her personal qualities are much like those of Campakalata. Her parents are Karuna-devi and Rangasara.

Ranga-devi is always like a great ocean of coquettish words and gestures. She is very fond of joking with her friend Srimati Radharani in the presence of Lord Krishna. Among the six activities of diplomacy she is especially expert in the fourth: patiently waiting for the enemy to make the next move. She is an expert logician and because of previous austerities she has attained a mantra by which she can attract Lord Krishna. 

Ranga-devi's friends are expert at burning aromatic incense, carrying coal during the winter and fanning the divine couple in the summer.Ranga-devi's friends are able to control the lions, deer and other wild animals in the forest. Ranga-devi is the leader of all these gopis. Her seva is offering candana. Her home is in Yavata, and her age is 14 years, 2 months and 4 1/2 days. In Kali-yuga she appears in gaura-lila as Gadadhara Bhatta. 

The chief sakhis in Sri Rangadevi’s group are Kalakanti, Sasikala, Kamala, Prema Manjari, Madhavi, Madhura, Kamalata and Kandarpa-sundari.

Indulekha is the sixth of the ashta sakhis (eight topmost gopis). She has a tan complexion and wears garments whose colour is like that of a pomegranate flower. She is three days younger than Srimati Radharani. Her parents are Sagara and Vela devi and her husband is Durbala. She is contrary and hot-tempered by nature. Noble Indulekha is learned in the science and mantras of the Naga-sastra, which describes various methods of charming snakes. She is also learned in the Samudraka-sastra, which describes the science of palmistry. In her hand she carries the auspicious messages of the divine couple. In this way She creates the good fortune of Radha and Krishna by creating Their mutual love and attraction.

Indulekha-devi is fully aware of the confidential secrets of the divine couple. Some of her friends are engaged in providing ornaments for the divine couple, others provide exquisite garments and others guard the divine couple's treasury. Indulekha-devi is the leader of all these gopis. Her age is 14 years, 2 months and 10 1/2 days. Her principal seva is fanning The Divine Couple with a camara. In Gaura lila she appears as Vasu Ramananda.

The chief sakhis in Indulekha's group are Tungabhadra, Citralekha, Surangi, Rangavatika, Mangala, Suvicitrangi, Modini and Madana.

Tungavidya is the fifth of the ashta sakhis (eight topmost sakhis). Her complexion is the colour of kunkuma and the fragrance of her body is like sandalwood mixed with camphor. She is fifteen days younger than Srimati Radharani. Tungavidya is hot-tempered and expert at dissimulation. She wears white garments. Her parents are Puskara and Medha-devi and her husband is Balisa. She has full faith in Krishna. She is very expert at arranging the meeting of the divine couple. She is learned in rasa-sastra (transcendental mellows), niti-sastra (morality), dancing, drama, literature and all other arts and sciences.

She is a celebrated music teacher expert at playing the vina and singing in the style known as marga. Tungavidya is the leader of those gopis who are especially engaged in fetching water from the streams in Vrndavana.She is very devoted to her seva (service) of dancing and singing, etc. Her age is 14 years, 2 months and 22 days. In gaura-lila she appears as Sri Prabodhananda Sarasvati Thakura. It is also said that She appears as Vidya Vachaspati.

Some of the sakhis in Tungavidya’s group are Manjumedha, Sumadhura, Sumadhya, Madhureksana, Tanumadhya, Madhusyanda, Gunacuda and Varangada.

Citra is the fourth of the ashta sakhis (eight topmost gopis). Her fair complexion resembles the color of kunkuma and her garments are the color of crystal. She is 26 days younger than Srimati Radharani. When Lord Krishna is full of bliss, she becomes satisfied. Her father is Catura, the paternal uncle of Suryamitra. Her mother is Carcika-devi. Her husband is Pithara. Citra-devi can read between the lines of books and letters written in many different languages, perceiving the hidden intentions of the author. She can understand the tastes of various foodstuffs made with honey, milk, and other ingredients simply by glancing at them.

She is expert in playing music on pots filled with varying degrees of water. She is learned in the literature describing astronomy and astrology, and she is well versed in the theoretical and practical activities of protecting domestic animals. she is very devoted to her seva of bringing cloves and garlands.Her age is 14 years, 7 months and 14 days.In gaura-lila she appears as Sri Govindananda.

The chief sakhis in Sri Citra’s group are Rasalika, Tilakini, Sauraseni, Sugandhika, Vamani, Vamanayana,Nagari and Nagavallika.

Campakalata is the third of the ashta sakhis (eight topmost sakhis). Her complexion is the color of a blossoming yellow campaka flower and her garments are the colour of a blue-jay's feature. She is one day younger than Srimati Radharani. Her father is Arama, her mother is Vatika-devi and her husband is Candaksa. Her qualities are much like those of Visakha. She is expert at the art of logical persuasion, and she is skilled diplomat who knows how to thwart Srimati Radharani's rivals.

Campakalata is expert at collecting fruits, flowers, and roots from the forest. Campakalata is an expert cook who knows all the literature describing the six flavors of cooking.Of all these gopis who are appointed as protectoresses of the trees, creepers, and bushes of Vrndavana, the leader is Campakalata-devi. Her seva is to offer jewelled necklaces and to fan with a camara. Her age is 14 years, 2 months and 13 1/2 days. In gaura-lila she appears as Sri Sivananda Sen.

The chief sakhis in Campakalata’ group are Kurangaksi, Suracita, Mandali, Manimandana, Candika, Candralatika, Kandukaksi and Sumandira.

Visakha devi is the second most important of the ashtasakhis (eight topmost gopis). Her attributes, activities and resolve are all much like those of her friend Lalita. Visakha was born at the exact same moment as her dear friend Srimati Radharani appeared in this world. Visakha's garments are decorated with stars and her complexion is like lightning. Her father is Pavana, the son of the sister of Mukhara-gopi and her mother is Daksina-devi, the daughter of the sister of Jatila. Her husband is Bahuka gopa. Her seva is dressing and decorating. Her dress resembles the stars in the evening sky, and her complexion is cream-colored with a tinge of red (gaurangi). Her age is 14 years, 2 months and 15 days.She appears in gaura-lila as Sri Ramananda Raya.

Visakha-devi is the intimate friend of the divine couple.She takes up the work of carrying messages between Radha and Krishna and she is the most intelligent and expert of all the gopi messengers. She is also expert at joking with Lord Govinda and she is the perfect counsellor of the divine couple. She is expert at all aspects of amorous diplomacy and She knows all the arts of how to conciliate an angered lover, how to bribe him and how to quarrel with him.

The cheif sakhis in Sri Visakha’s group are Malati, Madhavi, Candrarekha, Subhanana, Kunjari, Harini, Surabhi and Capala.

Lalita is famous as Srimati Radharani's constant companion and follower. Lalita is contrary and hot-tempered by nature. Her complexion is like the yellow pigment gorocana and her garments are like peacock feathers. Her age is 14 years, 8 months and 27 days. Her mother is Saradi-devi and her father is Visoka. Her husband is named Bhairava. He is a close friend ofGovardhana-gopa. Among these most exalted gopis who are most dear to Krishna, the leader and controller is Lalita-devi. In gaura-lila, she has assumed the form of Sri Svarupa Damodara Gosvami.

Lalita-devi is full of ecstatic love for the divine couple. She is expert at arranging both Their meeting and Their conjugal struggle. Sometimes, for Radha's sake, she offends Lord Madhava.The beauty of all the other gopis appears to be conserved in the form of Lalita-devi. In an argument her mouth becomes bent with ferocious anger and she expertly speaks the most outrageous and arrogant replies.When the arrogant gopis pick a quarrel with Krishna, she is in the forefront of the conflict. When Radha and Krishna meet, she audaciously remains standing a little away from them.

The chief sakhis in Lalita’s group are Ratnarekha (or Ratnaprabha), Ratikala, Subhadra, Candrarekhika (or Bhadrarekhika), Sumukhi, Dhanistha, Kalahamsi and Kalapini.

Lord Nityananda appeared as Lord Caitanya's principal associate for spreading the congregational chanting of the holy names of the Lord. He especially spread the holy name of the Lord throughout Bengal. Mahaprabhu cannot be approached or understood without the mercy of Nityananda Prabhu. His garments resemble a cluster of blue lotus flowers and His effulgence is said to surpass the grandeur of a rising moon at sunset. He has a deep melodious voice, constant singing the glories of Sri Krishna and carries a red stick with benedictions for the devotees, but feared by the demoniac. He has the carefree mood of a wild avadhuta, so absorbed is He in the love of Godhead, and no one knows what He will do next.

Nityananda Prabhu was born on the auspicious shukla-trayodashi (thirteenth day of the bright fortnight)in the month of Magha(January-February) as the son of Hadai Pandita and Padmavati in Ekacakra in 1473. As a child, Nitai (as Nityananda Prabhu was called), loved to enact the pastimes of Sri Krishna or Lord Rama. He did this so authoritatively and with such rapture, that the entire village would be immersed in the love of Godhead.During His marriage feast, Lord Nityananda saw Vasudha's sister Jahnavi serving out prasadam in her 4-armed form. He recognized her as his eternal potency, so He took her as His wife also.

Lord Nityananda incarnates as His plenary expansion Ananta Sesa. As Lord Sesa He transforms His body to become the garments, bracelets, and other ornaments worn by Lord Visnu and Lord Krsna. Expanding again as the pastime-potency, lila-sakti, Lord Sesa is aware of all the details of Lord Krsna's confidential pastimes. Lord Nityananda is the second body of the Lord, manifesting as Balaram to Sri Krishna, Lakshman to Sri Ram and Nityananda Prabhu to Caitanya Mahaprabhu.

Read more about Lord Nityananda at www.gaudiyahistory.com

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Lord Chaitanya is none other than the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Lord Krishna Himself. The Supreme Personality of Godhead, Sri Krishna, advented Himself as Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu, appearing in Sridhama Mayapura in the city of Navadvipa, Bengal in the year 1407 AD. Sri Krishna Caitanya manifested his divine mercy in Kali Yuga by delivering the Hare Krishna maha mantra and thereby saving the most fallen souls.

The divine appearance of Sri Krishna Caitanya Mahaprabhu is celebrated on the full moon of the month of Phalguna (February-March). This is the most auspicious day for all Gaudiya Vaisnavas. He appeared as the son of Jagannath Mishra and Srimati Saci devi.

Srimati Radharani becomes greatly depressed when Krishna is not around. Krishna is unable to understand the reason behind this. In order to do so, He incarnates as Lord Chaitanya. Thus, Lord Chaitanya is the incarnation of Lord Krishna in the form of a devotee and with the bhava(mood) of Srimati Radharani.

Read more about Lord Chaitanya at  www.gaudiyahistory.com

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Lord Vishnu is the all-pervasive Lord who expands into everything. He is the maintainer of the universe and the complete cosmic creation. He is called Vishnu because He overcomes all. He represents sattva-guna, or the mode of goodness by which everything is sustained. He is also called Narayana, which means the shelter, resting place or ultimate goal of all living entities. It also means the one whose abode is the causal waters (Karana Ocean), and one who lives in the hearts of all living beings. It is this sattva nature which gives the living beings the tendency to grow toward a higher truth, the light, a more cohesive and intense reality. In this sense, Lord Vishnu is also called Hari, or one who removes the darkness of illusion.

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There are 3 types of Vishnu :

  1. Maha Vishnu

He is an expansion of Lord Krishna.

2. Garbhodaksayi Vishnu

He is an expansion of Maha Vishnu. He enters into the Universes created by Maha Vishnu.

3. Ksirodaksayi Vishnu

He is an expansion of Garbhodakshayi Vishnu. He enters into the heart of each and every living entity.

Krishna is the the Supreme Personality of Godhead. The name “Krishna” means “The All attractive one”. He appeared on this earth about 5,000 years ago. He stayed on this earth for 125 years and played exactly like a human being, but His activities were unparalleled. He appeared as the son of Vasudeva and Devaki, but soon had to be moved to Vrindavana due to the atrocities of Kamsa. He was brought up as the son of Nanda Maharaja  and Yasoda.

In Vraja, He enjoyed many pastimes, such as that of stealing butter, Killing demons, Damodara lila, Uplifting the Govardhana Hill, performing the Rasa dance and the list continues.

The Vedas say Krishna is the original person, but that He always appears young and attractive. He knows everything, He contains all of reality, and all other living beings are His inseparable parts. He is the all-powerful, supreme controller of all energies. He is known by different names in different cultures (such as God, Allah, and Jehovah, for example).

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64 Qualities of Lord Krishna :

Shrila Rupa Gosvami, after consulting various scriptures, has enumerated the transcendental qualities of the Lord Shri Krishna as follows:

01.beautiful features of the entire body. 
02.marked with all auspicious characteristics. 
03.extremely pleasing. 
04.effulgent. 
05.strong. 
06.ever youthful. 
07.wonderful linguist. 
08.truthful. 
09.talks pleasingly. 
10.fluent. 
11.highly learned. 
12.highly intelligent. 
13.a genius. 
14.artistic. 
15.extremely clever. 
16.expert. 
17.grateful. 
18.firmly determined. 
19.an expert judge of time and circumstances. 
20.sees and speaks on the authority of Vedas, or scriptures. 
21.pure. 
22.self-controlled. 
23.steadfast. 
24.forbearing. 
25.forgiving. 
26.grave. 
27.self-satisfied. 
28.possessing equilibrium. 
29.magnanimous. 
30.religious. 
31.heroic. 
32.compassionate. 
33.respectful. 
34.gentle. 
35.liberal. 
36.shy. 
37.the protector of surrendered souls. 
38.happy. 
39.the well-wisher of devotees. 
40.controlled by love. 
41.all-auspicious. 
42.most powerful. 
43.all-famous. 
44.popular. 
45.partial to devotees. 
46.very attractive to all women. 
47.all-worshipable. 
48.all-opulent. 
49.all-honorable. 
50.the supreme controller. 
51.changeless. 
52.all-cognizant. 
53.ever fresh. 
54.sac-cid-ananda (possessing an eternal blissful body. 
55.possessing all mystic perfections. 
56.He has inconceivable potency. 
57.Uncountable universes generate from His body. 
58.He is the original source of all incarnations. 
59.He is the giver of salvation to the enemies whom He kills. 
60.He is the attractor of liberated souls. 
61.He is the performer of wonderful varieties of pastimes (especially His childhood pastimes). 
62.He is surrounded by devotees endowed with wonderful love of Godhead. 
63.He can attract all living entities all over the universes by playing on His flute. 
64.He has a wonderful excellence of beauty which cannot be rivaled anywhere in the creation. 

General Information

Among all the beautiful gopis Srimati Radharani is the best. She is the topmost devotee of Lord Krishna. Srimati Radharani is the Supreme Goddess and the queen of Vrindavana. Her name means that She is the most excellent worshiper of Lord Krishna.She has many famous friends, headed by Lalita and Vishakha. Her father is Vrishbhanu and Her mother is Kirtida Devi, who is also known by the name, Ratnagarbha Devi. Radharani's elder brother is Sridama and her younger sister is Ananga-manjari. Jatila-devi is Radharani's mother-in-law and Abhimanyu is Radharani's so-called husband. Kutila-devi is Radharani's sister-in-law.  Srimati Radharani's worshipable deity is the sun-god.

Srimati Radharani is expert in all the fine arts and Her transcendental form is like an ocean of nectar. Her splendid bodily luster is like the yellow pigment gorocana, molten gold, or stationary lightning. She wears wonderfully beautiful blue garments and She is decorated with various pearls and flowers.he is very beautiful and She has long nicely braided hair. She is decorated with a garland of flowers and a beautiful pearl necklace. Her splendid forehead is decorated with the red pigment sindura and with beautiful locks of curling hair. Decorated with blue bangles, Her arms have defeated Cupid's staff with their beauty. Her nose is as beautiful as a sesame flower and it is nicely decorated with a pearl. She is anointed with various perfumes. She is splendidly beautiful.

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25 Transcendental qualities of Srimati Radharani :

01. She is sweetness personified.

02. She is a fresh young girl.

03. Her eyes are always moving.

04. She is always brightly smiling.

05. She possesses all auspicious marks on her body.

06. She can agitate Krishna by the flavor of Her person.

07. She is expert in the art of singing.

08. She can speak very nicely and sweetly.

09. She is expert in presenting feminine attractions.

10. She is modest and gentle.

11. She is always very merciful.

12. She is transcendentally cunning.

13. She knows how to dress nicely.

14. She is always shy.

15. She is always respectful.

16. She is always patient.

17. She is very grave.

18. She is enjoyed by Krishna.

19. She is situated on the highest devotional platform.

20. She is the abode of love of the residents of Gokula.

21. She can give shelter to all kinds of devotees.

22. She is always affectionate to superiors and inferiors.

23. She is always obliged by the dealings of Her associates.

24. She is the greatest amongst Krishna's girlfriends.

25. She always keeps Krishna under Her control.